# A new digital divide? Coder worldviews, the ‘slop economy’, and democracy in the age of AI

> Digital technologies are transforming democratic life in conflicting ways. This article bridges two perspectives to unpack these tensions. First, we present an original survey of software developers i

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| Type | Journal article |
| Published | 2026-01-14 |
| Published in | Information, Communication & Society |
| Pages | 29(8), 2412–2428 |
| DOI | 10.1080/1369118X.2025.2566814 |
| Authors | Jason Miklian, Kristian Hoelscher |

## Abstract

Digital technologies are transforming democratic life in conflicting ways. This article bridges two perspectives to unpack these tensions. First, we present an original survey of software developers in Silicon Valley, interrogating how coders' worldviews, ethics, and workplace cultures shape the democratic potential and social impact of the technologies they build. Results indicate that while most developers recognize the power of their products to influence civil liberties and political discourse, they often face ethical dilemmas and top-down pressures that can lead to design choices undermining democratic ideals. Second, we critically investigate these findings in the context of an emerging 'new digital divide', not of internet access but of information quality. We interrogate the survey findings in the context of the 'slop economy', in which billions of users unable to pay for high-quality content experience an internet dominated by low-quality, AI-generated ad-driven content. We find a reinforcing cycle between tech creator beliefs and the digital ecosystems they spawn. We discuss implications for democratic governance, arguing for more ethically informed design and policy interventions to help bridge the digital divide to ensure that technological innovation supports rather than subverts democratic values in the next chapter of the digital age.

## Cite this

Jason Miklian, Kristian Hoelscher (2026). A new digital divide? Coder worldviews, the ‘slop economy’, and democracy in the age of AI. Information, Communication & Society, 29(8), 2412–2428. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2025.2566814

## BibTeX

```
@article{miklian2026a,
  author  = {Jason Miklian and Kristian Hoelscher},
  title   = {A new digital divide? Coder worldviews, the ‘slop economy’, and democracy in the age of AI},
  year    = {2026},
  journal = {Information, Communication & Society},
  pages   = {29(8), 2412–2428},
  doi     = {10.1080/1369118X.2025.2566814},
  url     = {https://stakesproject.org/outputs/a-new-digital-divide/}
}
```

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URL: https://stakesproject.org/outputs/a-new-digital-divide/
Language: en
Updated: 2026-08-02

Supported by the Research Council of Norway, project 353416 (FRIPRO). Hosted at the Centre for Global Sustainability (GLOBE/SUM), University of Oslo, 2025 to 2029. CC BY 4.0.